WHEN EXECUTING LAWYERS ACTIVITY AS WELL AS TAKING CARE ABOUT CONDUCT IN HIS PRIVATE LIFE, A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO PROTECT RESPECT AND TO STRUGGLE FOR PROMOTION AND AFFIRMATION OF LEGAL PROFESSION AS AN INDEPENDENT PROFESSION. WHEN EXECUTING LAWYERS ACTIVITY, A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO ACT IN HUMAN WAY, RESPECTING DIGNITY OF ALL HE CONTACTS WITH. THEN, HE IS OBLIGED TO PRESERVE HIS HONOUR, MORAL CHARACTER, INDEPENDENCE AND EXPERTNESS IN ORDER TO STIMULATE OTHERS WITH HIS CONDUCT. WHEN EXECUTING LAWYERS ACTIVITY, A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO RESPECT TRUTH AND LEGALITY, INDEPENDENCE OF LEGAL PROFESSION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONSTITUTION AND LAWS. A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO ENERGETICALLY REJECT ALL TRIES OF INFLUENCE ON HIS INDEPENDENCE IN EXECUTION OF ACTIVITY. HE IS OBLIGED TO INFORM ORGANS OF THE BAR ASSOCIATION ABOUT THESE TRIES. EXECUTION OF ANY COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS, ASSOCIATION OFLAWYERS OFFICES WITH ACTIVITIES OF SUCH EFFECT, I.E. ACTIVITIES THAT DO NOT GIVE LEGAL AID ARE INCOMPATIBLE WITH EXECUTION OF LAWYERS ACTIVITY. OBLIGATION OF A LAWYER IS TO BE CONSTANTLY UNDER PROFESSIONAL IMPROVEMENT, TO READ PROFESSIONAL LITERATURE,PARTICIPATE IN ALL PROFESSIONAL DISCUSSIONS, CONSULTATIONS, AND CONGRESSES, IN ALL ACTIONS OF LEGAL PROFESSIONS BY WHICH IMPROVEMENT AND AFFIRMATION OF THIS SERVICE ARE ACHIEVED, AND TO IMPROVE HIS GENERAL EDUCATION. A LAWYER HAS TO HELP WITH HIS PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE OTHER LAWYERS, AND HE IS ESPECIALLY OBLIGED TO HELP PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF LAW CLERKS IN LEGAL PROFESSION. A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO GIVE LEGAL AID TO A CLIENT FOR WHICH HE KNOWS THAT IS NOT IN POSITION TO PAY FOR SERVICE, OR A CLIENT THAT IS ASSIGNED TO HIM ACCORDING TO THE SCHEDULE DETERMINED BY AUTHORIZED ORGAN OF THE BAR ASSOCIATION, I.E. OTHER ORGANIZATION ACCORDING TO THE DECISION OF THE BAR ASSOCIATION, AND THE BAR ASSOCIATION BEARS THE COSTS. IT IS NOT APPROPRIATE THAT A LAWYER IS A PERSON THAT ACTS AGAINST INTERESTS OF LEGAL PROFESSION AND WHO DOES NOT RESPECT RULES OF THIS CODE. WHEN EXECUTING LAWYERS ACTIVITY AS WELL AS TAKING CARE ABOUT CONDUCT IN HIS PRIVATE LIFE, A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO PROTECT RESPECT AND TO STRUGGLE FOR PROMOTION AND AFFIRMATION OF LEGAL PROFESSION AS AN INDEPENDENT PROFESSION. WHEN EXECUTING LAWYERS ACTIVITY, A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO ACT IN HUMAN WAY, RESPECTING DIGNITY OF ALL HE CONTACTS WITH. THEN, HE IS OBLIGED TO PRESERVE HIS HONOUR, MORAL CHARACTER, INDEPENDENCE AND EXPERTNESS IN ORDER TO STIMULATE OTHERS WITH HIS CONDUCT. WHEN EXECUTING LAWYERS ACTIVITY, A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO RESPECT TRUTH AND LEGALITY, INDEPENDENCE OF LEGAL PROFESSION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONSTITUTION AND LAWS. A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO ENERGETICALLY REJECT ALL TRIES OF INFLUENCE ON HIS INDEPENDENCE IN EXECUTION OF ACTIVITY. HE IS OBLIGED TO INFORM ORGANS OF THE BAR ASSOCIATION ABOUT THESE TRIES. EXECUTION OF ANY COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS, ASSOCIATION OF LAWYERS OFFICES WITH ACTIVITIES OF SUCH EFFECT, I.E. ACTIVITIES THAT DO NOT GIVE LEGAL AID ARE INCOMPATIBLE WITH EXECUTION OF LAWYERS ACTIVITY. OBLIGATION OF A LAWYER IS TO BE CONSTANTLY UNDER PROFESSIONAL IMPROVEMENT, TO READ PROFESSIONAL LITERATURE, PARTICIPATE IN ALL PROFESSIONAL DISCUSSIONS, CONSULTATIONS, AND CONGRESSES, IN ALL ACTIONS OF LEGAL PROFESSIONS BY WHICH IMPROVEMENT AND AFFIRMATION OF THIS SERVICE ARE ACHIEVED, AND TO IMPROVE HIS GENERAL EDUCATION. A LAWYER HAS TO HELP WITH HIS PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE OTHER LAWYERS, AND HE IS ESPECIALLY OBLIGED TO HELP PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF LAW CLERKS IN LEGAL PROFESSION. A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO GIVE LEGAL AID TO A CLIENT FOR WHICH HE KNOWS THAT IS NOT IN POSITION TO PAY FOR SERVICE, OR A CLIENT THAT IS ASSIGNED TO HIM ACCORDING TO THE SCHEDULE DETERMINED BY AUTHORIZED ORGAN OF THE BAR ASSOCIATION, I.E. OTHER ORGANIZATION ACCORDING TO THE DECISION OF THE BAR ASSOCIATION, AND THE BAR ASSOCIATION BEARS THE COSTS. IT IS NOT APPROPRIATE THAT A LAWYER IS A PERSON THAT ACTS AGAINST INTERESTS OF LEGAL PROFESSION AND WHO DOES NOT RESPECT RULES OF THIS CODE. WHEN EXECUTING LAWYERS ACTIVITY AS WELL AS TAKING CARE ABOUT CONDUCT IN HIS PRIVATE LIFE, A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO PROTECT RESPECT AND TO STRUGGLE FOR PROMOTION AND AFFIRMATION OF LEGAL PROFESSION AS AN INDEPENDENT PROFESSION. WHEN EXECUTING LAWYERS ACTIVITY, A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO ACT IN HUMAN WAY, RESPECTING DIGNITY OF ALL HE CONTACTS WITH. THEN, HE IS OBLIGED TO PRESERVE HIS HONOUR, MORAL CHARACTER, INDEPENDENCE AND EXPERTNESS IN ORDER TO STIMULATE OTHERS WITH HIS CONDUCT. WHEN EXECUTING LAWYERS ACTIVITY, A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO RESPECT TRUTH AND LEGALITY, INDEPENDENCE OF LEGAL PROFESSION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONSTITUTION AND LAWS. A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO ENERGETICALLY REJECT ALL TRIES OF INFLUENCE ON HIS INDEPENDENCE IN EXECUTION OF ACTIVITY. HE IS OBLIGED TO INFORM ORGANS OF THE BAR ASSOCIATION ABOUT THESE TRIES. EXECUTION OF ANY COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS, ASSOCIATION OFLAWYERS OFFICES WITH ACTIVITIES OF SUCH EFFECT, I.E. ACTIVITIES THAT DO NOT GIVE LEGAL AID ARE INCOMPATIBLE WITH EXECUTION OF LAWYERS ACTIVITY. OBLIGATION OF A LAWYER IS TO BE CONSTANTLY UNDER PROFESSIONAL IMPROVEMENT, TO READ PROFESSIONAL LITERATURE,PARTICIPATE IN ALL PROFESSIONAL DISCUSSIONS, CONSULTATIONS, AND CONGRESSES, IN ALL ACTIONS OF LEGAL PROFESSIONS BY WHICH IMPROVEMENT AND AFFIRMATION OF THIS SERVICE ARE ACHIEVED, AND TO IMPROVE HIS GENERAL EDUCATION. A LAWYER HAS TO HELP WITH HIS PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE OTHER LAWYERS, AND HE IS ESPECIALLY OBLIGED TO HELP PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF LAW CLERKS IN LEGAL PROFESSION. A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO GIVE LEGAL AID TO A CLIENT FOR WHICH HE KNOWS THAT IS NOT IN POSITION TO PAY FOR SERVICE, OR A CLIENT THAT IS ASSIGNED TO HIM ACCORDING TO THE SCHEDULE DETERMINED BY AUTHORIZED ORGAN OF THE BAR ASSOCIATION, I.E. OTHER ORGANIZATION ACCORDING TO THE DECISION OF THE BAR ASSOCIATION, AND THE BAR ASSOCIATION BEARS THE COSTS. IT IS NOT APPROPRIATE THAT A LAWYER IS A PERSON THAT ACTS AGAINST INTERESTS OF LEGAL PROFESSION AND WHO DOES NOT RESPECT RULES OF THIS CODE. WHEN EXECUTING LAWYERS ACTIVITY AS WELL AS TAKING CARE ABOUT CONDUCT IN HIS PRIVATE LIFE, A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO PROTECT RESPECT AND TO STRUGGLE FOR PROMOTION AND AFFIRMATION OF LEGAL PROFESSION AS AN INDEPENDENT PROFESSION. WHEN EXECUTING LAWYERS ACTIVITY, A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO ACT IN HUMAN WAY, RESPECTING DIGNITY OF ALL HE CONTACTS WITH. THEN, HE IS OBLIGED TO PRESERVE HIS HONOUR, MORAL CHARACTER, INDEPENDENCE AND EXPERTNESS IN ORDER TO STIMULATE OTHERS WITH HIS CONDUCT. WHEN EXECUTING LAWYERS ACTIVITY, A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO RESPECT TRUTH AND LEGALITY, INDEPENDENCE OF LEGAL PROFESSION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONSTITUTION AND LAWS. A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO ENERGETICALLY REJECT ALL TRIES OF INFLUENCE ON HIS INDEPENDENCE IN EXECUTION OF ACTIVITY. HE IS OBLIGED TO INFORM ORGANS OF THE BAR ASSOCIATION ABOUT THESE TRIES. EXECUTION OF ANY COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS, ASSOCIATION OF LAWYERS OFFICES WITH ACTIVITIES OF SUCH EFFECT, I.E. ACTIVITIES THAT DO NOT GIVE LEGAL AID ARE INCOMPATIBLE WITH EXECUTION OF LAWYERS ACTIVITY. OBLIGATION OF A LAWYER IS TO BE CONSTANTLY UNDER PROFESSIONAL IMPROVEMENT, TO READ PROFESSIONAL LITERATURE, PARTICIPATE IN ALL PROFESSIONAL DISCUSSIONS, CONSULTATIONS, AND CONGRESSES, IN ALL ACTIONS OF LEGAL PROFESSIONS BY WHICH IMPROVEMENT AND AFFIRMATION OF THIS SERVICE ARE ACHIEVED, AND TO IMPROVE HIS GENERAL EDUCATION. A LAWYER HAS TO HELP WITH HIS PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE OTHER LAWYERS, AND HE IS ESPECIALLY OBLIGED TO HELP PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF LAW CLERKS IN LEGAL PROFESSION. A LAWYER IS OBLIGED TO GIVE LEGAL AID TO A CLIENT FOR WHICH HE KNOWS THAT IS NOT IN POSITION TO PAY FOR SERVICE, OR A CLIENT THAT IS ASSIGNED TO HIM ACCORDING TO THE SCHEDULE DETERMINED BY AUTHORIZED ORGAN OF THE BAR ASSOCIATION, I.E. OTHER ORGANIZATION ACCORDING TO THE DECISION OF THE BAR ASSOCIATION, AND THE BAR ASSOCIATION BEARS THE COSTS. IT IS NOT APPROPRIATE THAT A LAWYER IS A PERSON THAT ACTS AGAINST INTERESTS OF LEGAL PROFESSION AND WHO DOES NOT RESPECT RULES OF THIS CODE.
Konkurrenzverbot und Konkurrenzklausel
In der Praxis passiert es oft, dass die Arbeitgeber und auch Arbeitnehmer nicht zwischen der Bedeutung und den Folgen des Konkurrenzverbotes und der Konkurrenzklausel unterschieden. So kommt es auch vor, dass in den Arbeitsverträgen die beiden Begriffe falsch verwendet werden, daraus folgt aber, dass daraus keine Pflicht des Arbeitnehmers, mindestens was die Konkurrenzklausel betrifft, entsteht.
Das Arbeitsverhältnisgesetz (im Weiteren: ZDR-1) regelt das Konkurrenzverbot bzw. das gesetzliche Verbot der Konkurrenztätigkeit im Art. 39, wo bestimmt wird, dass der Arbeitnehmer ohne einer schriftlichen Zustimmung auf seine oder fremde Rechnung die Arbeiten nicht erledigen darf oder keine Geschäfte, die zu den tatsächlichen Tätigkeiten des Arbeitgebers gehören und für den Arbeitgeber die Konkurrenz bedeuten oder bedeuten könnten, schließen darf. In Verbindung damit ist deswegen das Recht des Arbeitgebers bestimmt, dass er vom Arbeitnehmer den Schadenersatz für den Schaden verlangen kann, der ihm wegen des Handelns des Arbeitnehmers verursacht wurde, und zwar binnen drei Monate nachdem er über die Erledigung der Arbeiten oder die Geschäfteschließung in Kenntnis gesetzt wurde bzw. spätestens binnen drei Jahre vom Abschluss der Arbeiten oder der Geschäfteschließung. Da es sich also um ein gesetzliches Verbot einer Konkurrenztätigkeit handelt, muss dieses nicht gesondert mit dem Arbeitsvertrag bestimmt werden, genauso muss aber hervorgehoben werden, dass dieses nur während des abgeschlossenen Arbeitsverhältnisses gilt.
Andererseits ist die Bedeutung der Konkurrenzklausel etwas vollkommen anderes. Diese müssen nämlich der Arbeitgeber und der Arbeitnehmer gesondert schriftlich festlegen und sie gilt für den Zeitraum nach dem Aufhören des Arbeitsverhältnisses. Wenn wir die Bestimmungen des Arbeitsverhältnisgesetzes, die die Konkurrenzklausel in den Art. 40 bis 42 festlegen, zusammenfassen, müssen für ihre Gültigkeit und das Auftreten der Pflicht seitens beider Vertragsparteien folgende Bedingungen erfüllt werden:
1. Die Konkurrenzklausel muss schriftlich vereinbart sein und es muss ein Ersatz für ihre Beachtung festgelegt werden.
2. Die Konkurrenzklausel muss mit einer vernünftigen zeitlichen Einschränkung des Konkurrenzverbotes bestimmt werden, und zwar höchstens
zwei Jahre nach dem Aufhören des Arbeitsverhältnisses.
3. Die Konkurrenzklausel darf die Möglichkeit einer angemessenen Einstellung des Arbeitnehmers nicht ausschließen.
4. Der Arbeitnehmer muss bei seiner Arbeit bestimmte technische, Produktions- und Geschäftskenntnisse sowie auch Geschäftsverbindungen
gewinnen.
5. Das Arbeitsverhältnis muss zwischen den Parteien einvernehmlich beendet werden wegen der regelmäßigen Kündigung seitens des
Arbeitnehmers, der regelmäßigen Kündigung dem Arbeitnehmer wegen des Verschuldens oder wegen der außerordentlichen Kündigung dem
Arbeitnehmer seitens des Arbeitgebers (das Arbeitsverhältnisgesetz-1 befreit von Lasten und Pflichten, wenn der Arbeitnehmer einen Übergang
oder die tatsächliche Erledigung der Arbeit beim Arbeitgeber-Übernehmer ablehnt).
Die Beweisführung der Verletzung der Konkurrenzklausel kann sich in bestimmten Fällen als schwierig ergeben, es müssen alle angeführten
Bedingungen erfüllt werden und es muss auch konkrete Beweise geben. Ob es tatsächlich zur Verletzung der Konkurrenzklausel kam wird
angesichts der Umstände des konkreten Falles beurteilt, die Hinweise sollten aber in der Gerichtspraxis gesucht werden, die sich mit den
Jahren auf diesem Gebiet entwickelt hat.
